In recent years, the connection between physical health and mental well-being has garnered increasing attention, leading to an expanded role for physiotherapists in supporting mental health. In Australia, mental health issues are on the rise, with one in five Australians aged 16-85 experiencing a mental health condition each year. Physiotherapists, traditionally known for their expertise in musculoskeletal issues, are increasingly recognised for their potential to contribute to mental health care through the integration of physical activity and rehabilitation techniques.

It has long been understood that physical activity plays a key role in improving mental health. Exercise has been shown to reduce symptoms of depression, anxiety, and stress by promoting the release of endorphins; hormones that contribute to a feeling of well-being. Regular physical activity also helps regulate sleep patterns, reduces muscle tension, and boosts self-esteem, all of which have positive effects on mental health.

In Australia, mental health problems such as depression and anxiety are leading causes of disability and distress. The COVID-19 pandemic further exacerbated these issues, with many Australians experiencing increased levels of stress, isolation, and anxiety. This has led to a growing recognition of the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to mental health, where physiotherapists can play a pivotal role by combining physical rehabilitation techniques with strategies to enhance emotional and psychological well-being.

Physiotherapists play a key role in addressing mental health issues in three main areas:

1. Physical activity as a tool for mental health

Physiotherapists use physical activity as a therapeutic tool for mental health management. Exercise programs are tailored to meet the needs of individuals experiencing mental health issues, helping them regain confidence and autonomy. These programs often include cardiovascular exercises, strength training, and stretching, all of which can help improve mood and reduce anxiety.

2. Mind-body connection–techniques and strategies

Physiotherapists also utilise mind-body approaches that integrate physical exercise with mindfulness techniques. Practices such as yoga, Pilates, and Tai Chi are increasingly being incorporated into physiotherapy treatments to address both physical and mental health. These methods help individuals with mental health concerns focus on body awareness, relaxation, and deep breathing, which can significantly alleviate symptoms of stress and anxiety.

By encouraging mindfulness and conscious movement, physiotherapists help patients break the cycle of negative thoughts that often accompany mental health struggles.

3. Rehabilitation after trauma or injury

Another significant way physiotherapists contribute to mental well-being is through rehabilitation programs for individuals recovering from trauma or injury. Many people with physical injuries also experience emotional or psychological challenges because of their condition, such as feelings of frustration, isolation, or low mood. Physiotherapists play a crucial role in helping patients regain their physical health, while also providing emotional support and motivation during their recovery.

Through a combination of physical therapy, goal setting, and psychological support, physiotherapists help patients stay active and engaged in their rehabilitation, fostering a sense of achievement and self-worth. This holistic approach not only aids in recovery but can also reduce the risk of developing mental health conditions related to physical injury, such as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or depression.

In Australia, the integration of physiotherapy into mental health care is increasingly being supported by a collaborative approach to treatment. Physiotherapists are working alongside psychologists, general practitioners (GPs), and other healthcare professionals to create comprehensive care plans for patients. This model is particularly evident in community health settings, where multidisciplinary teams provide holistic care to individuals struggling with both physical and mental health issues.

One notable example is the increased incorporation of physiotherapists into mental health services within public health systems. For instance, some public hospitals and clinics now include physiotherapists as part of their mental health teams, recognising their expertise in promoting physical well-being and addressing mental health concerns through movement and exercise.

However, despite the growing recognition of the role of physiotherapy in mental health, challenges remain. There is still some hesitancy within the broader healthcare community to fully embrace physiotherapy as part of a comprehensive mental health treatment plan. Physiotherapists often work in isolation from mental health professionals, and the full potential of their role in mental health care may not always be realised.

Moreover, there is a need for more training and education in mental health for physiotherapists, so they are better equipped to identify and manage mental health conditions alongside physical rehabilitation. Expanding this area of practice could also reduce the stigma associated with mental health issues, as more people seek holistic and non-pharmacological treatments.