Members of the World Health Organization have voted emphatically in favour of a potentially groundbreaking global treaty on improving pandemic preparedness.

One hundred twenty-four countries in favour on Monday, after Slovakia called for a vote on Monday, as its COVID-19 vaccine sceptic prime minister demanded that his country challenge the adoption of the agreement.

No countries voted against, while 11 countries, including Poland, Israel, Italy, Russia, Slovakia and Iran abstained.

"Governments from all over the world are making their countries, and our interconnected global community, more equitable, healthier and safer from the threats posed by pathogens and viruses of pandemic potential," said WHO Director-General Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus.

The draft accord, which addresses structural inequities about how drugs or vaccines and health tools are developed, following lessons learned from the COVID-19 pandemic which killed millions of people in 2020-2022, will be formally adopted on Tuesday in a plenary session at the World Health Assembly in Geneva.

However, it will not formally come into effect until an annex on pathogen sharing is negotiated, which could take up to two years, after which states will have to ratify the accord.

Following three years of difficult negotiations, the agreement has been seen by many diplomats and analysts as a victory for global co-operation at a time when multilateral organisations like the WHO have been battered by sharp cuts in US foreign funding.

US negotiators left the discussions after President Donald Trump began a 12-month process of withdrawing the US - by far the WHO's largest financial backer - from the agency. Given this, the US would not be bound by the pact.