When it comes to older Australians living in aged care, loneliness is one of the most pressing issues facing them, yet it is so often overlooked. While there’s no debate that medical support and physical care are essential, the emotional well-being of residents is just as important. Many older adults experience a sense of disconnection brought on by factors such as the loss of a partner, limited mobility, or the transition into residential care. Socialisation programs create connections, foster a sense of belonging, and provide meaningful engagement. From group activities and intergenerational visits to tech-based communication, these programs are proving essential in improving the quality of life in aged care.

Did you know? According to a study published in the International Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, about 140 Australian nursing home residents took their own lives between 2000 and 2013. Of this group, about 43 per cent were experiencing isolation and loneliness, with nearly 30% having trouble adjusting to life in a nursing home.

There are several factors that contribute to this:

• Loss of social connections: Transitioning into aged care often results in weakened ties with family and friends.​
• Physical health decline: Chronic illnesses and mobility issues can get in the way of social activities.​
• Psychosocial stressors: Adjusting to communal living and coping with the loss of independence can add to feelings of loneliness.​

As people age, social connection becomes even more important. While physical health may take centre stage in aged care settings, research shows that emotional and social well-being are equally important to a person’s quality of life. The Royal Commission into Aged Care Quality and Safety identified emotional well-being and social inclusion as core components of quality aged care. In fact, the presence of strong social ties can influence everything from cognitive function to life expectancy.

Regular, positive social interactions significantly lower the risk of depression and anxiety in older adults. For those in residential aged care, where loneliness and grief may be more common, meaningful relationships can offer stability and a sense of belonging.

Engaging in social activities stimulates the brain, helping to preserve memory, attention and problem-solving skills. Studies have shown that socially active older adults are less likely to develop dementia. It’s important to note that solitude doesn’t always equate to loneliness. Many older adults enjoy time alone. However, chronic loneliness, where someone feels disconnected even when surrounded by others, poses the greatest risk.

To effectively reduce loneliness in aged care, socialisation programs must go beyond occasional entertainment. They need to offer regular, meaningful and inclusive engagement.

• Group activities: These may include art and craft sessions, gardening clubs, music and dance therapy, exercise and movement classes and cultural celebrations.
• Intergenerational programs: Programs may involve visits from local school children, shared storytelling, reading, or craft sessions, or pen pal or digital exchange programs.
• Pet therapy and animal visits: Visits from therapy dogs or even farm animals can reduce stress and anxiety, stimulate memories and conversation. Many Australian providers partner with organisations such as Delta Therapy Dogs to offer these services.
• Tech-based engagement: Technology is bridging distance with programs that include video calls with loved ones, virtual reality experiences, online games or trivia with other residents and more.
• Volunteer Visitor Programs: The Australian Government’s Aged Care Volunteer Visitors Scheme (ACVVS) pairs volunteers with older people who may be at risk of social isolation. Regular one-on-one visits provide companionship, build trust, and ensure that residents feel seen and valued.

Creating a culture that genuinely values connection is the key to lasting impact. Providers can shape physical spaces and daily routines that encourage interaction. This includes designing communal areas that are warm, accessible and conducive to conversation, as well as creating flexible dining and activity schedules that allow residents to choose when and how they socialise. Plus, encouraging spontaneous connection, such as morning teas, group walks, or music in common areas.

Frontline aged care staff are often the first to notice changes in a resident’s mood or engagement. Providing training in how to identify signs of loneliness, such as withdrawal, low appetite, or changes in sleep, enables them to help.

Despite the clear benefits of socialisation programs, not all residents in aged care are able, or willing, to participate.

• Residents living with dementia or other cognitive challenges may struggle with memory, communication, or processing new environments, making group settings overwhelming. To support their inclusion, activities should be simple, repetitive and familiar with smaller group sizes or one-on-one engagement to reduce sensory overload.
• Depression, anxiety, grief, or trauma can affect a resident’s motivation or confidence to engage socially. Some may withdraw from others due to feelings of hopelessness or fear of judgment. Physiological and emotional signs of resistance should be met with gentle encouragement and mental health professionals who can support them.
• Hearing or vision loss can make group participation particularly frustrating, leading to self-isolation. Solutions include ensuring hearing aids or glasses are properly maintained, and providing good lighting and reducing background noise.Limited mobility, chronic pain, or fatigue can discourage residents from moving to communal areas or participating in longer sessions. To help, offer shorter, low-impact activities close to residents’ rooms and ensure mobility aids and transport assistance are readily available.

Loneliness in aged care is more than a feeling: it’s a serious health risk with wide-reaching implications for mental, emotional and physical wellbeing. But it’s also a challenge we can address. Socialisation programs, when thoughtfully designed and delivered, have the power to transform aged care settings into communities of connection, purpose and joy. As Australia's population ages, the importance of social connection in aged care will only grow. By continuing to invest in inclusive, accessible social programs, we can help older Australians live not just longer, but better.